Scintillators

From Detec-Rad.com

Contents 1 High quality and affordability 2 Scintillators 2.1 Crystal shape 2.2 Types 2.3 Inorganic Scintillators 2.3.1 Materials 2.3.2 Physical Properties 2.3.2.1 Physical Properties of Alkali Halide Scintillators 2.3.2.2 Physical Properties of Oxide-based Scintillators 2.3.3 Response 2.3.3.1 Response of Alkali-halide scintillator 2.4 Organic Scintillators 2.4.1 Materials 2.4.2 Physical Properties 2.4.2.1 Physical Properties of Plastic Scintillators

High quality and affordability

 » Brochure on Scintillators (PDF, 677Kb, 18 pages)

We provide very affordable detector components of great quality.

Scintillators

Crystal shape

We provide crystals in non-standards sizes and shapes, tailored to our clients' exact specifications:

• cylindrical (rods)
• hexagonal section, tubular or pyramidal
• quadratic section, tubular or pyramidal

Types

By dealing directly with the manufacturing units, we can provide our customers with scintillating products at various stages of assembly:

raw material, where you get the crystal without protection of any kind	TYPE-S
encapsulated: the crystal is encased into an Aluminium or S/S housing, that protects the crystal without blocking the radiation of interest	TYPE-E
detector-type, a fully assembled and encapsulated crystal with a PMT and a μ-metal shielding.	TYPE-D
complete assembly is a TYPE-D device including a voltage divider, connectors and other components upon requests	TYPE-A

Our products are tested individually by a team of experts to ensure the best quality and reliability.

TYPE-S scintillator

TYPE-E encapsulated scintillator

TYPE-D detector assembly with PMT

TYPE-A complete assembly (not all shown)

Inorganic Scintillators

Materials

Inorganic scintillators materials are divided into two groups:

Alkali-halide Crystals	Oxyde-based Crystals	Other
NaI(Tl) CsI(Tl) CsI(Na) undoped CsI LiI(Eu)	CWO BGO PWO	ZnSe(Te)

Physical Properties

Physical Properties of Alkali Halide Scintillators

	NaI(Tl)	CsI(Na)	CsI(Tl)	CsI	CsI(CO3)	6LiI(Eu)
Density (g/cm3)	3.67	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.08
Melting point (K)	924	894	894	894	894	719
Thermal expansion coefficient (10-6 K-1)	47	49	49	49	49	40
Cleavage plane	<100>	none	none	none	none	<100>
Hardness (Mho)	2	2	2	2	2	2
Hygroscopic	yes	yes	slightly	slightly	yes	very
Maximum emission (nm)	415	420	550	310	405	470
Refractive index	1.85	1.84	1.79	1.95	1.84	1.96
Light Yield (% of NaI)	100	85	45	5-6	60	30-35
Primary decay time (ms)	0.23	0.63	1	0.01	2	1.4
Afterglow after 6 ms (%)	0	0.3-5	0.5-5	0.1	0	0

Physical Properties of Oxide-based Scintillators

	CWO	GSO	BGO	PWO	ZnSe(Te)
Effective Atomic Number	66	59	75	73	33
Density (g/cm3)	7.99	6.71	7.13	8.28	5.42
Radiation length (cm)	1.06	1.38	1.1	0.85	-
Refractive index	2.25	1.85	2.15	2.2	2.6
Hygroscopy	No	No	No	No	No
Maximum luminescence (nm)	490	440	480	430-520	610-640
Decay time (ns)	5,000	30/60	300	2/10/30	103 - 30x103
Light output (Photon/MeV)	15,000	9,500	8,000	200	80,000
Radiation stability (rad)	107	108	106	107	108
Afterglow after 5 (20) ms (%)	0.05 (≤0.01)	-	0.005	-	< 0.05

Response

Response of Alkali-halide scintillator

NaI(Tl) 20 mm dia. x 20 mm with Be window	NaI(Tl) 20 mm dia. x 20 mm with Be window	NaI(Tl) 40 mm dia. x 40 mm	NaI(Tl) 40 mm dia. x 40 mm
NaI(Tl) 150 mm dia. x 100 mm

Organic Scintillators

Materials

Due to their low Atomic Number, organic materials are well suited for the detection of charged particles as back-scattering effects are minimized. The high concentration of hydrogen atoms permits the detection of fast neutrons. Scintillators are non-hygroscopic and provide fast responses.

Organic Scintillators

p-Therphenyl (C18H14)

Anthracene (C14H10)

Stilbene (C14H12)

Plastic

Physical Properties

Physical Properties of Plastic Scintillators

Properties	UPS-923A	UPS-973	UPS-91F	UPS-92S	UPS-97G	UPS-89
Light output (% anthracene)	60	45	39-45	44	60	65
Rise time (ns)	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.9
Decay time (ns)	3.3		0.6-0.4	380-450	3.3	2.4
Light attenuation length (cm)*	400	400	-	350	60	360
Wavelength of max. emission (nm)	425	445	390	380	425	418
Principal users/ applications
Analogs	BC-400 - NE114	NONE	PILOTV BC-422Q	BC-412 NE115	BC-444	NE102A

Properties (continued)	UPS-971	UPS-96M	UPS-972	UPS-974	UPS-92RH	UPS-90
Light output (% anthracene)	55	55	44	53	60	50
Rise time (ns)	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	-	1.0
Decay time (ns)	-	3.5	-	-	3.5	3.5
Light attenuation length (cm)*	400	25	400	400	350	400
Wavelength of max. emission (nm)	425	418	435	480	425	418
Principal users/ applications
Analogs	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	SCSN-81	NE110

*: typical e^-1 attenuation length of 200 cm length sample with edges polished as measured with He - Cd laser at 441 nm wavelength.

**: typical e^-1 attenuation length of 1x20x200 cm length sample with all polished side as measured with Sr-90.

DETEC-Europe also provides NON-scintillating plastic (density 1.06; large orders only).